解读机票打折
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">昆明，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>850</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；深圳，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>530</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；成都，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>820</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；北京，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>480</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；三亚，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>620……”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特价机票</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的广告，时下在一些媒体上整版整版地刊登。记者抽阅了上周三的某媒体，数了数刊登在广告版上的这类</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">豆腐干</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机票特价广告，竟有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>77</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">篇之多。在民航当局尚未解除机票不得低于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折销售的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">禁折令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，国内民航机票本月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日起统一上浮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％的背景下，特价广告铺天盖地，真乎？假乎？连日来，记者从延安路到华山路，从西藏路到火车站，实地探访多家机票销售处（点），并按广告上公布的电话询问机票售价，得出的结论是有真有假。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特价机票有真假</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所谓真，几乎所有的航空公司售票处、代理人都在打折销售。折扣率一般</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折，甚至也有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折的。据了解，机票打折的原因主要有：航空公司自身消化成本能力较强，对适当多打折承受得起；客座率较高的航线航班，在保证盈利后，对多余的座位多打折，一般客座率达到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％就可保本，超过部分便是多售多盈利；多级舱位设置，在高等级舱位确保有利后，对低等级舱位多打折；公司让利促销，在给代理人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％的扣率基础上，实行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">甚至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的新扣率等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所谓假，一是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">钓饵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。记者曾分别打电话给不同的代理人，指定要他们在广告上公布的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>450</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元上海到北京的机票，接听电话的小姐回答口径完全一致：对不起，卖完了。向</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">打探才得知，航空公司常常在一个航班上设立</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">张</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折以下的优惠票，许多家代理人分享，先下手为强。于是家家代理人都在广告上公布这早已</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名花有主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的票价作诱饵，待旅客问讯，在回答</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">卖完了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的同时，再建议购买价格高一点的打折票；二是大打折扣的并非所有航班，而是那些旅客不愿乘坐的半夜始发或到达航班，让那些满怀希望询问打折机票的旅客，失望地挂上电话；三是折扣虽打，但航班上服务项目减少了，服务标准降低了，如改正餐为点心，取消供餐和纪念品，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">羊毛出在羊身上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">众说纷纭话票价</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对报纸广告上处处可见特价销售，民航华东局一位干部坦率地说，弄不懂是怎么回事。一位从事民航票务工作的杨女士说，上面规定归规定，不合实际，市场、旅客不买账，搞销售的当然只好投旅客所好：打折！其实，只要航空公司承受得了，薄利多销，增加了客座率，效益也上去了，企业、旅客不是都得利吗？打折有什么不好？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">美国一家航空公司驻中国的代表在接受记者采访时，对民航当局的一些限制规定表示不解。他称，机票票价应该由航空公司根据市场情况、旅客的流量自行决定，何必要民航的最高部门去管？限制不利于民航发展，开放的市场和有效的竞争，才是中国民航最需要的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经常乘坐飞机出差的王姓男士提起票价上浮和打折广告，说得很尖锐：讲穿了，上面总是什么都想管，垄断惯了，总舍不得放弃手上的那点管的权利。还有，总是以管理者自居，就无法多为旅客利益着想。可刚刚开始知道自己是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上帝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的旅客，不买账了，当然有时航空公司也会不买账。我看，这些特价广告就是这种上面要管、下面不买账的结果。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">业内人士献计策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机票打折，得实惠的是旅客，但前提是民航企业不亏损，求得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">双赢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。业内众多人士献计</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四抓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一抓企业内部管理，增强自身消化成本的能力，同时强化行业管理。对航空公司来说，必须尽快增强实力，建立干支线齐全的机队结构，能象国外航空公司一样，灵活地按实际客座销售情况，及时采取大客机改小客机或小客机改大客机载客。二抓提高飞机利用率，为降低票价创造条件。目前，国外航空公司的飞机利用率一般都在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时以上，而国内航空公司只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时，国航、东航、南航、上航等管理算好的企业，也只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个小时。三抓航线新增长点，提高旅游客人的比例。目前，国内航空公司的旅客结构，商务旅客约占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>65</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％，旅游旅客只占</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>35</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％。结合旅游新辟、增开新航线、新航班，就能大幅提高航空公司的客座率，间接为降低票价提供可能。四抓低成本、低票价支线客运的发展，实行国外通行的无缝隙服务，以便增强民航的吸引力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国外航空公司如何售票</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目前国外航空公司的机票售价，通常采用多等级多价位灵活售票。如美西北航的机票，共有十几个等级；美联航、法航的机票票价，有四五十种。仅法航上海、北京至巴黎航线的经济舱，就有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种票价。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国外航空公司的多等级多票价，有按舱位分级售票的，同一航线、同一航班的头等舱、公务舱和经济舱的票价，最高价位与最低价位之间，相差可达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倍；有按季节分的夏季、冬季票或淡季、旺季票；有团体票，散客票；还有学生票、年轻人票、商务票、老年人旅游票、周末临时度假票等各种价位。而且，预定票和现卖票的票价差很大，一年前、半年前、三个月或一个月前预定座位票价格各不相同。预定票最低的可打到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">折，离成行时间越近打折越少，临时急需赶机成行的机票则时常比票面价贵，有的甚至比票面价贵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％；还有按有效期划分的票价，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>45</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天有效期的票价最低，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个月内有效的居中，一年内有效的最贵。有的航空公司视本公司经营情况，经常不固定举行临时指定航班优惠票、促销票、最佳建议或创意票以及鼓励旅客乘坐的公里里程积累</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">常旅客</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">免费奖励票等等。总之，多等级多价位售票方法，使旅客挑选的余地非常大，实惠也多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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